1-What is a Kafara for one fast and which are the conditions to drop fast? 2-I heared from someone that the Salat-ul-suna' of Fajar.
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Barakatuh. (May Allah's Peace, Mercy and Blessings be upon all of you)
One of our brothers/sisters has asked
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Aslam
alykum!!
My
question are;
1-What
is a Kafara for one fast and which are the conditions to drop fast?
2-I
heared from someone that the Salat-ul-suna' of Fajar should be
offered before FARZ .mean to say if some one comes late at the prayer time
when the Imaam is offering farz in jamaat.so one should offer suna' first
leaving farz behind Imaam.Tell me can we offer these suna' right after
farz of fajar when the light has not prevailed or we must wait for the sun to
rise and on the time of Ishraq we offer it?
3-If
somehow we reach at mosque in Isha and Farz in jamaat has been offered
especially in Ramadan and Salat-ul-Tarweeh get started can we make these
trawee'h 2 raka't as our farz of Isha behind imaam and after imaam finish
these two raka't we stand up and offer two more raka't to complete 4 raka't of
Isha or we should offer Isha separately?
May
Allah Bless you...
Jaza
kumul khair!
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Answer:
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there is none worthy of worship but Allah Alone, and we bear witness that
Muhammad (saws) is His slave-servant and the seal of His Messengers.
Your Question: What
is a Kafara for one fast and which are the conditions to drop fast?
Allah Says in the Holy Quran Chapter 2 Surah
Baqarah verse 185:
185 Ramadan is the (month) in which was sent
down the Qur'an as a guide to mankind also clear (Signs) for guidance and
judgment (between right and wrong). So
everyone of you who is present (or witnesses) the month should spend it in
fasting but if anyone is ill or on a journey the prescribed period
(should be made up) by days later.
Allah intends every facility for you He does not want to put you to
difficulties. (He wants you) to complete
the prescribed period and to glorify Him in that He has guided you; and
perchance ye shall be grateful.
Allah Says in the Holy Quran Chapter 2 Surah
Baqarah verse 184:
184 (Fasting) for a fixed number of days; but if any of you is ill or on
a journey the prescribed number (should be made up) from days later. For
those who can do it (with hardship) is a ransom the feeding of one that is
indigent. But he that will give
more of his own free will it is better for him and it is better for you that ye
fast if ye only knew.
The conditions which allow one to miss or drop an
obligatory fast in Shariah are:
- the
menstruation of women
- If
one is temporarily or permanently ill and fears that the keeping of one’s
fast will further deteriorate their health.
- If
one is on a journey away from his resident city or town.
If one is genuinely ill, or fears that fasting would
aggravate his illness, of if one is pregnant and fears that fasting may effect
the health of the mother or the unborn in any way, etc.; one has been given the
option by the Lord Most Merciful that the believer may leave the fast/s and
make up the missed fasts at a later date/s of their convenience.
If one is indulged in a permanent or terminal form of
illness and has absolutely no hope of recovering from that illness whereby one
is unable to even make up the missed fasts at a later date….then the atonement
for such terminally ill believers is the feeding of (at least) one poor
indigent person for each fast missed.
This form of atonement of feeding (at least) one poor person for each
fast missed is only for those who are terminally ill and have no hope of
recovery, and not for the temporarily ill….those who are temporarily ill are
not eligible to atone their missed fasts by feeding the poor, but they have to
make up their missed fasts by fasting on other days of their convenience.
Your Question: I
heared from someone that the Salat-ul-suna' of Fajar should be
offered before FARZ .mean to say if some one comes late at the prayer time
when the Imaam is offering farz in jamaat.so one should offer suna' first
leaving farz behind Imaam.Tell me can we offer these suna' right after
farz of fajar when the light has not prevailed or we must wait for the sun to
rise and on the time of Ishraq we offer it?
Aishah narrates that the Prophet (saws) said
about the two rakat before the obligatory ‘fajr’ prayer: "They are dearer
to me than the whole world."
Related by Ahmad, Muslim, and at-Tirmidhi.
Abu Hurairah narrates that the Prophet (saws)
said: "Do not leave the two rakah before the obligatory ‘fajr’ prayer,
even if you are being attacked by a cavalry!"
Related by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, al-Baihaqi, and
at-Tahawi. (The message of the hadith is that one should not leave the two rakah
Sunnah before the fajr no matter what the excuse, even while under enemy attack
or under most trying conditions.)
Aishah says: "The Messenger of Allah
(saws) was not so particular about observing any supererogatory prayer as he
was in observing the two rakah before ‘salatul fajr." Related by al-Bukhari,
Muslim, Ahmad, and Abu Dawud.
: "The two rakah before the obligatory ‘fajr’
prayers are better than this world and all it contains."
Related by Ahmad, Muslim, at-Tirmidhi, and
an-Nasa'i.
Aishah narrates that the Prophet (saws) said:
"I have never seen him [the Prophet (saws)] more in haste to do a good
deed than when he was to perform the two rakah before the obligatory fajr.”
Related by Ahmad and Muslim.
The appropriate time to pray the two-rakah voluntary
prayer is before the ‘fajr’ obligatory prayer.
The Messenger of Allah (saws) never missed offering this two-rakah
voluntary prayer before the obligatory ‘fajr’ prayer and this prayer is known
in Fiqh as one of the ‘Sunnah Muakkedah’ or an extremely preferred Sunnah of
the Messenger of Allah (saws).
Your Question…..mean
to say if some one comes late at the prayer time when the Imaam is offering
farz in jamaat.so one should offer suna' first leaving farz behind Imaam
Ali ibn Shaiban relates that the Messenger of
Allah (saws) saw a man praying (alone) behind the row (or rows of
congregational prayer) and he (saws) waited for him and (when he finished) told
him: "Go forward (and join the row) for the salah of a person standing
alone behind the rows is not valid."
Related by Ahmad, Ibn Majah, al-Baihaqi and
Ahmad.
In light of the above guidance of the Messenger of Allah
(saws) it is severely disliked that a person lets go or misses a part of the
obligatory prayer in congregation, only so that he may fulfill his ‘nafl’ or
‘sunnah’ optional prayers.
If one has already started their ‘nafl’ or ‘sunnah’
prayer, and sees or hears the ‘iqama’ or call of the congregational obligatory
prayer, one should simply leave their ‘nafl’ or ‘sunnah’ optional prayer and
immediately join the rows to perform the congregational prayer with the
believers. A few scholars are of the
opinion that if one is almost about to complete one’s ‘nafl’ or ‘sunnah’
optional prayer like being in one’s last ruku or tashahud, and one happens to
hear the ‘iqama’ for the congregational prayer, one may complete his optional
prayer as soon as possible and join the congregational prayer. But if one has a full rakah (or more) left in
one’s optional prayer, and one hears the call or ‘iqama’ for congregational
prayer, it would be best to leave their optional prayer, and join the
congregational prayer.
Your Question: Tell
me can we offer these suna' right after farz of fajar when the light has not
prevailed or we must wait for the sun to rise and on the time of Ishraq we
offer it?
Qais ibn Umar relates that he went to the
dawn (fajr) prayer and found the Prophet (saws) praying fajr. Although Qais had not prayed the two-rakah sunnah
prayer, he joined the Prophet (saws) and prayed with him (in congregation).
When he (Qais) had finished ‘fajr’ in congregation, he immediately stood up and
prayed the two rakah (Sunnah) prayer. The Messenger of Allah (saws) passed by
him and inquired: "What is this prayer?" Qais then informed him of
all that had happened. The Prophet (saws) kept silent and did not say anything.
Related by Ahmad, Ibn Khuzaimah, Ibn Hibban,
at-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, and Ibn Majah.
In light of the above quoted authentic tradition, there is
absolutely no harm if one has for any reason missed the offering of the
two-rakah Sunnah prayer before the ‘fajr’ prayer, to offer it immediately after
one has completed the ‘fajr’ prayer in congregation.
Your Question: If
somehow we reach at mosque in Isha and Farz in jamaat has been offered
especially in Ramadan and Salat-ul-Tarweeh get started can we make these
trawee'h 2 raka't as our farz of Isha behind imaam and after imaam finish
these two raka't we stand up and offer two more raka't to complete 4 raka't of
Isha or we should offer Isha separately?
Abu Said narrates that a man entered the Mosque,
and the Prophet (saws) and his companions had finished praying their obligatory
prayer in congregation. The Prophet (saws) said: "Who will give ‘sadaqah’
to him by praying with him in congregation?" So, a man from amongst the
companions (who had already prayed) stood up and offered prayers in
congregation with him.
Related by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, and at-Tirmidhi
Yazid al-Aswad says: "We prayed dawn
prayer (fajr) with the Messenger of Allah (saws) at Mina and two men came and
stopped at their resting places. The Prophet (saws) ordered for them to be
brought and they came shaking with fear. The Prophet (saws) said to them: 'What
prevented you from praying with the people (in congregation)? ...Are you two
not Muslims?' They answered: 'Certainly we are, O Messenger of Allah (saws),
but we had already prayed in our resting place.' The Prophet (saws) told them:
'If you pray in your resting places and then come upon an imam (leading a
congregation), pray again with him, and it will be ‘nafl’ prayers for
you.'"
Related by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'I, and
at-Tirmidhi.
There is absolutely no condition or stipulation in Shariah
that the intention of prayer of the ‘Imam’ leading the prayer, and the
believers praying behind him must have the exact same intentions.
It is absolutely permissible and lawful for the ‘Imam’ to
intend to pray ‘nafl’ or ‘sunnah’ optional prayer, and a believer praying
behind him offering his ‘fard’ prayers; or the ‘imam’ intending to offer ‘fard’
prayer, and the believer praying behind him making intention to offer his
‘nafl’ prayer.
If one reaches the mosque late and misses one’s obligatory
‘Isha’ prayers in congregation and finds that the ‘imam’ has already started
the ‘tarawih’ prayers, there is absolutely no harm if the believer makes
intention to offer his obligatory ‘isha’ prayers and joins the ‘tarawih’
congregation….and subsequently completes the required numbers of rakahs of his
‘isha’ prayers once the ‘imam’ has declared the ‘tasleems’.
Ibn 'Umar reports that the Prophet (saws)
said: "Prayer in congregation is superior to a prayer performed
individually by twenty-seven degrees."
Related by al-Bukhari and Muslim.
If one reaches the mosque late and misses the obligatory
‘isha’ prayers in congregation, without an iota of a doubt, it would be better
and more meritorious (by twenty-seven degrees!) for him to join the ‘tarawih’
congregation and make intention to offer his ‘isha’ prayers in congregation
than to offer his ‘isha’ prayers in isolation.
Whatever written of Truth and benefit is only due to
Allah’s Assistance and Guidance, and whatever of error is of me alone. Allah Alone Knows Best and He is the Only
Source of Strength.
Your brother and
well wisher in Islam,
Burhan
Wister