If he swallows saliva after it came out to the lips, does that break the fast, and is there scholarly consensus on the issue?

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Why isn’t the puffer for asthma regarded as breaking the fast?
He masturbated during the day in Ramadan in order to provide a sample of semen for testing in the case of infertility; what are the consequences of that action?

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He masturbated during the day in Ramadan in order to provide a sample of semen for testing in the case of infertility; what are the consequences of that action?

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