Sahaba too built Qubba Tomb on Quboor Sahaba e Karaam constructed Qubba on graves. It is written in Mushkath Shareef, Kitabul Janaiz Babud Dafn: Rasoolullah Sallallahu alaihi Wasallam buried Hazrath Uthman ibn e Mazoon raziallahu anh placed a stone towards the head side for identification
Mu' meneen Brothers and Sisters,
As Salaam Aleikum wa Rahmatullahi wa
Barakatuh. (May Allah's Peace, Mercy and Blessings be upon all of you)
One of our
brothers/sisters has asked this question:
AsSalam O Alaikum wra
Dear brother Burhan Sb.,
Please give a detailed reply for the following message received by
mail to me on one of
the debate. Given below his writing:
QUOTE:
Subject: Spam: Heuristic Spam Sahaba too built Qubba Tomb on Quboor
Sahaba e Karaam constructed Qubba on graves. It is written in
Mushkath Shareef, Kitabul Janaiz Babud Dafn: Rasoolullah Sallallahu alaihi
Wasallam buried Hazrath Uthman ibn e Mazoon raziallahu anh placed a stone
towards the head side for identification, and said: A’lamu biha qabra akhi wa
adfan ilaihi man maata min ahlee
We will place an identification and bury ahlul bait in this place.
1. Huzoor e paak sallallahu alaihi wasallam was buried in Hujarathul Aisha
raziallahu anh. Sayedina Ibn Zubai raziallahu anh constructed a beautiful
building on it.
In the the year 557Hijri few Christian Rahibs tried to reach the
grave by building a tunnel secretly. Huzoor e paak sallallahu alaihi wasallam
came three times in the dream of the Sultan and informed him about it. Sultan
beheaded them and filled molten glass around the grave.
2. In the year 678 Sultan Qalaoon Salihee built the Green Tomb on the grave.
3. Hazrath Umer Raziallahu anh constructed a Qubba on Hazrath Zainab bint e
Hajash
raziallahu Anha
4. Hazrath Aisha Siddiqa raziallahu anha constructed a Qubba on the Qabr of her
brother
Abdul Rahman.
5. Hazrath Mohammad ibn e Hanfia constructed a Qubba on the grave of Hazrath
Ibn
Abbas raziallahu anh.
Rasoolullah sallallahu Alaihi wasallam’s grave is covered by a green silk
cloth. Kabathulla
is covered with Silk cloth. All these are Sha’airallah. These are
to be respected and preserved, while it is not worshipped.
Above quotations from the book “Ja Al Haq” written by Mufti Ahmad Yaar Khan
There is a Hadeeth written in Mushkath e shareef, where Hazrath Ali was asked
by Rasoolullah sallallahu Alaihi wasallam to level off the graves. These graves
were of Kuffar Mushrikeen and not of Muslimeen Sahaba as Rasoolullah sallallahu
Alaihi wasallam himself used be present while burying them. Shaikh Ibn Hajr
Makki has written this in Fathul Bari..
Huzoor e paak sallallahu alaihi wasallam said;
Allahumma la taja’l qabree wathnan yu’badu ishtadda ghazabullahi
a’la qaumin ittkhazoo
quboora anmbiauhum
Oh Allah do not make my qabr a sanam (but) to wch people could worship. Allah
shall punish the people who make the graves of their anmbia as mosques.
It is explained by Allama Baidhawi that Yahoodwa Nasaara used to make sujood
and pray
towards the direction of the graves of the prophets as though they
are asnaam
So Huzoor e paak sallallahu alaihi wasallam has prohibited Muslims from
worshipping the
graves.This hadeeth should not be used for restricting the visit
making duah.
It is quoted in the book Madarijun Nubuwwat written by Shaikh Abdul Haq
Muhaddis Dehelwi in part two that Hazrath e Fathimathuzzahra raziallahu anha
visited the grave of Rasoolullah sallallahu Alaihi wasallam took the mud of the
grave and kept on her eyes full of tears and recited few asha’ar poetry.
So it is clear from the above quotations that nothing wrong in making a
permanent Qabr of the Saliheen, constructing Qubba, and visiting the graves and
making Dua.
How can a Muslim after making Shahada worship a grave? So labeling Muslims
visting graves for ziarah as Mushrikeen is Zulm, Maazallah.
Wassalaam, Well Wisher of the Ummah
Mohammad Anwar Haroon. UNQUOTE
Thanks for an early reply.
Jazak Allah Khair
(There may be some grammatical and
spelling errors in the above statement. The forum does not change anything from
questions, comments and statements received from our readers for circulation in
confidentiality.)
Answer:
Build Tomb shrine over graves
In the name of Allah, We praise Him, seek His help
and ask for His forgiveness. Whoever Allah guides none can misguide, and
whoever He allows to fall astray, none can guide them aright. We bear witness
that there is no one (no idol, no person,
no grave, no prophet, no
imam, no dai, nobody!) worthy of worship but Allah Alone,
and we bear witness that Muhammad (saws) is His slave-servant and the seal of
His Messengers.
Beloved brother, before we address the validity of
the statements offered as proof for building ‘qubba’ or shrines over the dead
by the brother, we need to reason and validate two things in light of the
guidance of the Quran and the Sunnah:
- Is
it legal to construct a ‘qubba’ or shrine over the grave of a dead
believer?
- Is
it legal to visit graves of the deceased?
Ref-1: Is it legal to construct a
‘qubba’ or shrine over the grave of a dead believer?
Jabir
reported: "The Prophet(saws) forbade the whitewashing of a grave, sitting
on it, or erecting any structure on it."
(Related by
Ahmad, Muslim, Nasa'i, Abu Daw'ud, and Tirmidhi.)
Abu Hurairah
reported: "The Prophet (saws) said:
'May Allah destroy the Jews, because they used the graves of their
prophets as shrines (places of worship).''
(Related by Bukhari and Muslim)
Aishah
reported: "Umm Habibah and Umm Salamah mentioned to Allah's Messenger
(saws) a church in which they saw drawings while in Abyssinia, whereupon he (saws)
said: 'Those people used to build a shrine over the grave of a righteous man
among them when he died, and make such
drawings in it. These will be the worst
of people in the sight of Allah on the Day of Resurrection.''
(Related by Bukhari
and Muslim)
The Messenger of Allah (saws) said:
“Before you there was a group who turned the graves of their prophets and their
righteous ones into places of worship. Do not tum graves into places of worship.
I forbid you to do that'.''
(Related by Muslim)
In light of the above absolutely clear guidance of
the Messenger of Allah (saws), it is absolutely prohibited for the believers to
build any sort of structure over the graves of their deceased.
Ref-2: Is it legal to visit graves
of the deceased?
Abdallah ibn
Buraidah reported from his father that the Prophet (saws) said: "I had forbidden
you to visit graves, but now you may visit them. It will remind you of the Hereafter."
(Muslim, Ahmad, and the Sunan)
In the beginning the Prophet (saws) prohibited the believers from
visitlng the graves because of their proximity to the Jahiliyyah (Days of Ignorance). But after they had fully entered the fold of
Islam, became well pleased with it, and
had fully accepted its laws, the Prophet (saws) permitted them to visit graves for its
visiting would remind them of the Hereafter.
Thus there is absolutely no harm in Islam if one wishes to visit the
graves of one’s deceased loved ones.
In general, the people who visit the graves may be divided into three
categories:
1.
those
who supplicate for the deceased,
2.
those
who supplicate through the deceased,
3.
and
those who supplicate to the deceased.
Buraidah
reported that The Prophet (saws) taught
us that when we visited graves we should say, 'Peace be upon you, O believing
men and women, O dwellers of this place.
Certainly, Allah willing, we will join you. You have preceded us and we
are to follow you. We supplicate to
Allah to grant us and you security'.'' (Reported by Muslim, Ahmad, and others)
Ibn 'Abbas
reported: "Once the Prophet (saws) passed by graves in Madinah. He tumed his face toward them saying: 'Peace
be upon you, O dwellers of these graves. May Allah forgive us and you. You have preceded us, and we are following
your trail'." (Tirmidhi)
In light of the above guidance of the Messenger of
Allah (saws), there is absolutely no harm if one visiting graves supplicates for
the deceased. But if one’s intention is
to supplicate through or to the
deceased, then one would be guilty of the abomination of ‘shirk’!
Allah Says in
the Holy Quran Chapter 39 Surah Zumar verse 3:
Is it not to
Allah that sincere devotion is due? But
those who take ‘awliyaas’ other than Allah (say): "We
only serve them (the awliyaas) in order that they may bring us nearer to
Allah." Truly Allah will judge between them in that wherein they
differ. But Allah guides not such as are
false and ungrateful.
Allah says in the Holy Quran Chapter 35
Surah Fatir verse 22:
And the dead and the living are not
alike! Allah causes whomever He wills to
hear, but you cannot make those who are
buried in the graves to hear you.
Allah says in the Holy Quran Chapter 16
Surah Nahl verse 20-21:
All the other beings, whom the people invoke with Allah, create nothing! Nay,
they are themselves created.
They are DEAD, not living, and they do not at all know themselves when
they shall again be raised to life!
Allah says in the Holy Quran Chapter
10 Surah Yunus verse 18:
These people serve beside Allah those
which can neither harm nor benefit them, and say, “These are our ‘shofa’a’
(intercessors) with Allah!” (O
Mohammed), tell them, “Do you wish to inform Allah of that thing which He knows
not in the heavens, or in the earth?” He
is absolutely free from, and exalted
above the shirk that they commit.
Chapter 46 Surah Ahqaf verses 4-6:
Prophet, say to them, "Have you ever
seen them with open eyes those whom you invoke instead of Allah? Show me what
they have created in the earth? Or have they any share in the creation and
control of the heavens? Bring me a Book revealed before this, or produce some
remnant of knowledge in support of your beliefs if you are truthful." And
who could be further astray than the one who invokes, instead of Allah, those
who cannot answer him till the Day of Resurrection. Nay, they are even UNAWARE
THAT THEY ARE BEING INVOKED. And when all mankind shall be gathered together
(on the Day of Qiyamah), they (the so called leaders and intercessors) will
become enemies of those who invoked them and they will DISOWN THEIR WORSHIP!!!
Allah says in the Holy Quran Chapter 18
Surah Kahf verse 102:
What?
Do these people, who have
disbelieved, presume that they would
make My servants their ‘auliyaas’ besides Me?
We have prepared Hell for the hospitality of such people.
In light of the above clear guidance of the
Glorious Quran and the Sunnah, the believers,
who sincerely believe in Allah and the Last Day, are only allowed to visit the graves and
supplicate Allah Subhanah for the deceased. The acts of making supplication through
the deceased and to the deceased are clear and manifest
forms of ‘shirk’.
Now to address the specific statements and claims
of the brother:
Statement-1: Sahaba e Karaam
constructed Qubba on graves.
It is absolutely inconceivable that the companions
who studied their Islam at the hands of and in the ‘university’ of the
Messenger of Allah (saws) would ever go against the commands of Allah and His
Messenger (saws)!
Allah is our witness, there is absolutely no truth
to this accusation that the noble companions of the Prophet (saws) would
construct a ‘Qubba’ or ‘shrine’ over their deceased!
The ‘Qubba’ or shrines which were built on the
graves of such eminent companions as Hadrat Ali ibn Abi Taalib (r.a.) in
Statement-2: It is written in
Mushkath Shareef, Kitabul Janaiz Babud Dafn:Rasoolullah Sallallahu alaihi
Wasallam buried Hazrath Uthman ibn e Mazoon raziallahu anh placed a stone
towards the head side for identification, and said:A’lamu biha qabra akhi wa
adfan ilaihi man maata min ahlee We will place an identification and bury ahlul
bait in this place.
Sunan of Abu-DawoodHadith 3200 Narrated byAl-Muttalib
When Uthman ibn Maz'un (r.a.) died, he
was brought out on his bier and buried. The Prophet (saws) ordered a man to
bring him a stone, but he was unable to carry it. The Messenger of Allah (saws)
got up and going over to it rolled up his sleeves. The narrator Kathir told
that al-Muttalib remarked: ‘The one who told me about the Messenger of Allah (saws)
said: “I still seem to see the whiteness of the forearms of the Messenger of
Allah (saws) when he rolled up his sleeves. He (saws) then carried the stone
and placed it at his head saying: “I am marking my brother's grave with it, and
I shall bury beside him those of my family who die.””
In light of the above authentic tradition of the
Messenger of Allah (saws), there is absolutely no harm in Islam if one places a
stone to mark the grave of the deceased for recognition of its location.
What is absolutely prohibited in Islam is to build
a structure or a ‘qubba’ or shrine over the grave of the deceased.
Statement-3: Huzoor e paak
sallallahu alaihi wasallam was buried in Hujarathul Aisha raziallahu anh.
Fiqh-us-Sunnah Fiqh 4.75b
When asked why was the Prophet (saws)
buried in her home, Hadrat Aisha (r.a.) replied: "This was done lest the
grave of the Prophet (saws) be turned into a mosque.'' (Related by Bukhari)
The Companions of the Prophet (saws)
regarded his (saws) burial arrangements as a special case for him because, as
reported in a tradition "the Prophets are buried at the place they
die," and because burying him at his home distinguished his grave from
those of others, and protected it from being exposed to great numbers of
people.
It is indeed true that the Prophet (saws) was
buried in the ‘hujra’ or room of Hadrat Aisha (r.a.) where he (saws) breathed
his last in accordance with the Prophet’s (saws) statement and guidance that
‘The Prophets are buried at the place they die.’
Statement-4: Sayedina Ibn Zubai
raziallahu anh constructed a beautiful building on it.
It is not
conceivable that a companion of the stature of Abdullah ibn Zubair (r.a.) would
ever go against the guidance of the Prophet (saws) and build a structure over
the Prophet’s grave!
The Prophet’s (saws) grave to this day, 1400+ years
after his death lies without a fixed structure in the same ‘hujra’ or room that
was once the accommodation of Hadrat Aisha (r.a.) near the Prophet’s Mosque in
Madinah.
Statement-5: In the the year
557Hijri few Christian Rahibs tried to reach the grave by building a tunnel
secretly. Huzoor e paak sallallahu alaihi wasallam came three times in the
dream of the Sultan and informed him about it. Sultan beheaded them and filled
molten glass around the grave.
Allah Alone Knows Best whether these incidents ever
took place or was it mere heresay! What
happened 557 years after Hijrah, or what the people of that time did or did not
do does not hold any validity in determining the lawful from the unlawful in
Islam!
Statement-6: Hazrath Umer
Raziallahu anh constructed a Qubba on Hazrath Zainab bint e Hajash raziallahu
Anha
The noble and chaste wife of the Prophet (saws) and
the mother of the believers, Hadrat Zainab binte Jahash (r.a.) died during the
reign of Hadrat Umar (r.a.) and she was buried in the graveyard of ‘Baqi’ in
Madinah.
It is an absolute falsehood and a blatant
accusation that Hadrat Umar (r.a.) had a ‘qubba’ or shrine constructed over her
or anyone else’s grave, for to this day not even a single grave in ‘Baqi’ has a
structure over it!
Statement-7: Hazrath Aisha Siddiqa
raziallahu anha constructed a Qubba on the Qabr of her brother Abdul Rahman.
Statement-8: Hazrath Mohammad ibn
e Hanfia constructed a Qubba on the grave of Hazrath Ibn Abbas raziallahu anh.
Hadrat Aisha’s (r.a.) brother Hadrat Abdur-Rahmaan
(r.a.), and Hadrat Abdullah ibn Abbas (r.a.) are both buried in the graveyard
of ‘Baqi’ in Madinah; and even to this day there is absolutely no sign of any
structure or ‘qubba’ ever built on these or any other graves in the graveyard
of ‘Baqi’. These are absolutely false
and baseless statements and accusations against these noble souls.
Statement-9: There is a Hadeeth
written in Mushkath e shareef, where Hazrath Ali was asked by Rasoolullah
sallallahu Alaihi wasallam to level off the graves. These graves were of Kuffar
Mushrikeen and not of Muslimeen Sahaba as Rasoolullah sallallahu Alaihi
wasallam himself used be present while burying them.
Thamamah ibn Shufayy told Harun that:
"Once we were with Fadalah bin 'Ubayd in the Roman
(Related by Muslim)
It is only obvious that the believers who died at
the time of the Prophet (saws) and the early generation would not have raised
graves in accordance with the guidance of the Messenger of Allah (saws); thus
the instruction of leveling the graves would only be for those graves which
were buried in the days of ignorance, or those of the disbelievers.
But the instruction given by Prophet Mohamed (saws)
to Hadrat Ali (r.a.) to level the graves was general and does not in any way
imply that the muslims are permitted to raise the graves of their deceased!
Statement-10: Huzoor e paak
sallallahu alaihi wasallam said;
Allahumma la taja’l qabree wathnan yu’badu ishtadda ghazabullahi a’la qaumin
ittkhazoo quboora anmbiauhumOh Allah do not make my qabr a sanam (but) to wch
people could worship. Allah shall punish the people who make the graves of
their anmbia as mosques.
It is explained by Allama Baidhawi
that Yahoodwa Nasaara used to make sujood and pray
towards the direction of the
graves of the prophets as though they are asnaam
So Huzoor e paak sallallahu alaihi
wasallam has prohibited Muslims from worshipping the
graves.This hadeeth should not be
used for restricting the visit making duah.
In light of the
guidance of the Quran and the Sunnah, there is absolutely no harm or
restriction in visiting the graves or making dua or supplication for
the deceased; what is absolutely prohibited in Islam is invoking or making supplication
through or to the deceased in the
graves!
Besides, one need not visit the graves of their
deceased loved one’s to make supplication for them, for one may very well make
supplications of forgiveness and mercy for the deceased from wherever they
are! The main wisdom behind the
allowance of visiting the graves is that one who is alive will be reminded
about the Hereafter and thus be encouraged to make necessary provisions for
that inevitable journey.
Statement-11: It is quoted in the
book Madarijun Nubuwwat written by Shaikh Abdul Haq Muhaddis Dehelwi in part
two that Hazrath e Fathimathuzzahra raziallahu anha visited the grave of
Rasoolullah sallallahu Alaihi wasallam took the mud of the grave and kept on
her eyes full of tears and recited few asha’ar poetry.
Sahih Al-Bukhari Hadith 2.391 Narrated by Abdullah bin Umar
Sad bin 'Ubada became sick and the
Prophet (saws) along with 'Abdur Rahman bin 'Auf, Sad bin Abi Waqqas and
'Abdullah bin Mas'ud visited him to inquire about his health. When he (saws)
came to him, he found him surrounded by his household and he asked, "Has
he died?" They said, "No, O Allah's Messenger (saws)." The
Prophet (saws) wept and when the people saw the weeping of Allah's Messenger
(saws) they all wept. He (saws) said, "Will you listen? Allah does
not punish for shedding tears, nor for the grief of the heart but he punishes
or bestows His Mercy because of this." He pointed to his tongue
and added, "The deceased is punished for the wailing of his relatives over
him." 'Umar used to beat with a stick and throw stones and put dust over
the faces of those who used to wail over the dead.
Allah Alone knows the accuracy of the incident of
what exactly transpired if and when the noble and chaste daughter of the
Prophet (saws), Hadrat Fatima binte Rasool Allah (r.a.) visited her noble
father’s grave.
If the ignorant people today who sing ‘marseeyahs’
and wail over the martyrs of Karbala, etc. and attribute their action to the
supposed ‘ashaar’ or poetry recited by Hadrat Fatimah (r.a.), they should know
that the Messenger of Allah (saws) absolutely prohibited the wailing over the
deceased!
Al-Tirmidhi Hadith 2829 Narrated by Hadrat Ali ibn AbuTalib
(r.a.)
Hadrat Ali (r.a.) heard Allah's
Messenger (peace be upon him) curse those who took usury, those who paid it,
those who recorded it, and those who refused to give sadaqah. And he used to prohibit wailing.
Sahih Muslim Hadith 2033 Narrated by AbuMalik al-Ash'ari
Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him)
said: Among my people there are four
characteristics belonging to pre-Islamic period which they do not abandon:
1. boasting of high rank, 2. reviling other peoples' genealogies, 3. seeking rain by stars, and 4. wailing. And he (further) said: If
the wailing woman does not repent before she dies, she will be made to stand on
the Day of Resurrection wearing a garment of pitch and a chemise of mange.
Sunan of Abu-Dawood Hadith 3122 Narrated
by AbuSa'id al-Khudri
The Messenger of Allah (saws) cursed
the wailing woman and the woman who listens to her.
Umm 'Atiyyah reports: "The
Messenger of Allah (saws) made us pledge that we will not wail over (the
dead)" (Bukhari and
Muslim).
Al-Bazzar has transmitted, at the
Prophet, peace be upon him, said: "Two sounds are accursed in this world
and in the hereafter: the sound of wind
instruments (to celebrate) good fortune, and of moaning aloud when
afflicted with a misfortune."
The Messenger of Allah (saws) said in
an authentic narration “He is not a believer, who beats his face, or tears his clothes, or
wails when afflicted by a misfortune.”
Statement-12: So it is clear from
the above quotations that nothing wrong in making a permanent Qabr of the
Saliheen, constructing Qubba, and visiting the graves and making Dua.
In light of the clear guidance of the Quran and the
Sunnah there is absolutely no harm or restriction in the believers visiting the
graves of their deceased for it would remind them of the Hereafter; nor is
there any harm in making supplication for the deceased believers.
But it is absolutely prohibited by the Messenger of
Allah (saws) to construct permanent graves, or a ‘qubba’ or shrine over the
graves, or invoke or make supplication through or to
the deceased.
If one trusts,
obeys, and follows the guidance
and commands of Allah and His Messenger (saws), one can be assured of never ever being
misled; but if one believes, obeys and follows any other guidance, other than that of Allah and His Messenger
(saws), one can be assured of being led
astray.
Whatever written of Truth and benefit is only due
to Allah’s Assistance and Guidance, and whatever of error is of me alone. Allah Alone Knows Best and He is the Only
Source of Strength.
Your brother and well
wisher in Islam,
Burhan
Wister